Which type of powers are shared by both the national government and the states?

The correct answer is Concurrent Powers, which refer to the authority held by both the national government and state governments. This set of powers allows both levels of government to operate effectively and cater to the needs of the nation as well as the needs specific to individual states.

Examples of concurrent powers include the ability to levy taxes, enforce laws, maintain courts, and borrow money. These shared responsibilities ensure that governance can be responsive at both levels, allowing for a more balanced and comprehensive approach to law and order, public services, and economic management.

In contrast, express powers are explicitly written in the Constitution, such as the power to regulate interstate commerce or declare war, while implied powers extend beyond those expressly stated to meet the needs of the federal government. Reserved powers, on the other hand, belong exclusively to the states under the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution, covering areas not delegated to the national government. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping the dynamics of federalism and the interaction between different levels of government.