What is the relationship between state and local governments?

The relationship between state and local governments is primarily characterized by the concept that states grant authority to local governments. Local governments, such as counties, cities, and towns, are created by state law and derive their powers from the state constitution and statutes. This means that while local governments can enact ordinances and regulations for their specific areas, they operate under the framework established by the state.

Local governments are not independent; they do not exist in a vacuum or without oversight. Their existence and authority can be modified or revoked by the state legislature, which underscores the subordinate relationship. States can set rules that determine how local governments operate, including their powers, structure, and functions. In this sense, the local governments are essentially extensions of state authority, functioning to address community needs while remaining subject to state control.

The other options present a misunderstanding of this relationship. For example, states are not completely independent from local governments as local entities operate under state jurisdiction. Similarly, local governments do not function without any form of state control, as they are fundamentally reliant on state laws for their operation and authority. The notion that local governments undermine state authority is also incorrect; instead, they serve as a complementary layer of governance that can facilitate the implementation of state policies at the local level